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Introduction to PPP in the infrastructure sector 6
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What is PPP and how is the concept defined? 30 minLecture1.1
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The growth of PPP from an historical perspective 30 minLecture1.2
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The concept of privatisation in the context of PPPs 30 minLecture1.3
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Conventional procurement and PPP procurement 30 minLecture1.4
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Examples of PPP reform 30 minLecture1.5
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Summary of key characteristics and criteria of PPPs 30 minLecture1.6
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Chapter 2: Structuring a PPP project 5
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Structuring a PPP project 30 minLecture2.1
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Project structuring: feasibility study 30 minLecture2.2
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PPP economics 30 minLecture2.3
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PPP economics 30 minLecture2.4
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Alternative PPP structure: rail project case study 30 minLecture2.5
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Chapter 3: Financing an infrastructure PPP project 6
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Sources of financing for an infrastructure PPP project 30 minLecture3.1
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What is Project Finance? 30 minLecture3.2
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Drawbacks of using project finance in infrastructure PPP transactions 30 minLecture3.3
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Structure 30 minLecture3.4
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Key parties 30 minLecture3.5
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Timeline for financing an infrastructure PPP project 30 minLecture3.6
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Chapter 4 :Documenting the transaction: anatomy of a PPP concession agreement and key risk allocation issues 11
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Scope and term of a PPP Concession Agreement 30 minLecture4.1
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Construction period obligations 30 minLecture4.2
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Operation period obligations 30 minLecture4.3
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Payment regimes 30 minLecture4.4
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Supervening events 30 minLecture4.5
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Termination and compensation 30 minLecture4.6
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Liability and insurance 30 minLecture4.7
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Dispute resolution 30 minLecture4.8
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Government controls 30 minLecture4.9
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Government support obligations 30 minLecture4.10
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Additional terms and conditions 30 minLecture4.11
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Chapter 5: Documenting the transaction: finance documents 8
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Core finance documents 30 minLecture5.1
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Equity arrangements 30 minLecture5.2
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Impact on the concession agreement 30 minLecture5.3
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Direct Agreements 30 minLecture5.4
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Security 30 minLecture5.5
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Enforcement and insolvency 30 minLecture5.6
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Involvement of multilateral development banks (MDBs), development finance institutions (DFIs) and export credit agencies (ECAs) 30 minLecture5.7
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Government shareholder arrangements 30 minLecture5.8
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Chapter 6:Documenting the transaction: other project documents 2
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Construction contract, O&M contract and interface issues 30 minLecture6.1
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Sub-contract risk pass-down 30 minLecture6.2
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Chapter 7:Procurement arrangements 2
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A typical PPP timetable 30 minLecture7.1
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Unsolicited proposals 30 minLecture7.2
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Chapter 8:Introduction to key sector issues 7
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Road projects 30 minLecture8.1
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Urban rail projects 30 minLecture8.2
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Freight rail projects 30 minLecture8.3
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Airport projects 30 minLecture8.4
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Port projects 30 minLecture8.5
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Accommodation projects 30 minLecture8.6
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Glossary 30 minLecture8.7
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Summary of key characteristics and criteria of PPPs
The criteria listed below are the expected outcomes of a well-structured PPP project.
(a) Criteria
- Economically viable for the public sector
- Financially viable for the private sector
- Appropriate balance of risk and reward
- Value for money
(b) Key elements of a successful PPP
- Political commitment
- Focused, dedicated and experienced public sector team
- Clear legal and institutional framework
- Transparent and competitive procurement
- Realistic risk sharing
The key elements listed above fall across a number of disciplines: political, commercial, financial, legal and technical. A co-ordinated team approach is required by the government parties throughout the planning, procurement and implementation process to secure the best outcome.
To summarise, the key issues relating to PPP projects which must be kept in mind are that they are very versatile and can be used across a variety of sectors; they allow the government to have recourse against a single private sector entity throughout the project’s lifecycle and it can benefit from the funding opportunities, expertise and experience of the private sector. However, the costs and time involved in setting up a PPP project cannot be underestimated and the long-term commitment by way of an inflexible contract could also be viewed as disadvantageous.